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   Annotated Bibliography (Roman Aqueducts) Student’s Name Course Professor Institution Date Chanson, Hubert. “Hydraulics of Roman aqueducts: steep chutes, cascades, and dropshafts.” American Journal of Archaeology (2000): 47-72. Accessed June 11, 2021. https://www-jstororg.ezproxy.umgc.edu/stable/506792?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Chanson’s topic focuses on reviewing some of the technological solutions for cascades, drop shafts, and steep chutes for roman aqueducts. The study’s thesis is to explore the effectiveness of various tools used with aqueducts and how the tools interchanged how aqueducts advanced. Roman aqueduct’s methodology was aimed at improving water flow. The creation of drop shafts led to the production of supercritical water flow that called for technical expertise to run and maintain. The use of chutes also significantly improved water flow. Nonetheless, there little information about steep chutes since the oldest records only date to 1300 B.C. The article’s main points focus on innovation, benefits, impacts, and uses of cascades, drop shafts, and steep chutes for Roman Aqueducts. Chanson’s main goal in the study is to showcase how aqueducts development played a crucial role in Roman society earlier in the days. The target audience for this source are scholars, students, researchers, or any other person that is interested in Roman aqueducts. This source is very crucial to this write-up since it necessitates crucial information about the topic and any other related information. The article particularly utilizes different forms of diagrams, historical evidence, and various resources to showcase the role of Roman aqueducts. One deficiency evident in this article is that the researcher focuses primarily on Roman aqueducts, yet he could have expounded the research into other crucial equipment. The article was significant as it provided a detailed analysis about Roman aqueducts, including how it was used. The study also necessitated a synopsis of how the innovation of water flow made life easier in the ancient times. The source varies from the other four sources since it primarily deals with technological solutions for cascades, drop shafts, and steep chutes for Roman aqueducts.  Evans, Harry B. “In Tiburtium usum: special arrangements in the Roman water system (Frontinus, Aq. 6.5).” American journal of archaeology (1993): 447-455. Accessed June 11, 2021. 5. https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/stable/506365? seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Evans’ topic focuses on how Roman aqueducts were used with Tiburtine territories. The study’s thesis explains the various Roman aqueduct routes and the services used in Tibur. Evans’ methodology in the study explores the various uses of Roman aqueducts and how its usefulness helped in solving various issues in the region. Most of the uses of the Roman aqueducts in Tiburtine were evident in the allocated channels. For instance, there were various types of trenches in the region as well as their uses. The main Roman aqueducts in the region were Claudia, Anio Novus, and Marcia. The three channels were strategically located to fit the region’s natural landscape. The article’s main points focus on various uses of Roman aqueducts such as Claudia, Aqua Anio Vetus, and Mercia based on the effectiveness of delivering services to consumers. The author’s primary goal is to showcase various uses of Tiburtine in society. The study targets researchers and scholars who may be interested in how the Tiburtine people used aqueducts. This article is quite useful to my research since it provides detailed information about the topic at hand. It provides reliable statistical data and information about how Tiburtine territory utilized the aqueducts. The author used important historical diagrams and resources to analyze his discussion and conclusion about the topic. One deficiency in the article is that the author only focuses on one major use of Roman aqueducts in society. The article, however, provides a significant synopsis of how innovating the equipment made life easier for the people. The source varies from the other sources as it provides a critical analysis of how villas benefited from the Roman aqueducts.  Lorenz, Wayne F., and Phillip J. Wolfram. “Ancient water quality: Roman engineering of the Barbegal Mill.” Journal (American Water Works Association) 104, no. 4 (2012): 78-84. Accessed June 11, 2021. https://eds-a-ebscohostcom.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=3c5da35f-0805-494c-a130- d5c44f35dc75%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d %3d#AN=88856492&db=eih The authors’ topic for this study is how early Roman engineering played a role in the Barbegal design in Southern France. This study’s thesis focuses on how Roman’s development of a gear played a crucial role in the distribution of water in Southern France. The study’s methodology analysis the relationship between Roman aqueducts and watermills. The methodology also focuses on how the new water-supplying technique benefited the local people. The authors primarily focus on how early engineering played a crucial role in the hydraulic machines in Southern France. In this case, Roman engineering provided the needed power to run various hydraulic controls. The other important point evident in the study relates to how local engineers and other relevant people participated in the distribution of water. The target audience for the study is anyone researching or interested in how early Roman engineering played a vital role in water mill modernization. The limitation of the article is that the study relies on secondary information for the discussion, meaning that the sources used could potentially have some biases. The article is significant to my study since it provides rich background on how early Roman engineering helped in paving the way for modern water mills. The study helps with my contemplation of Roman aqueducts through the provision of thorough knowledge on water flow engineering. This source is different from the other four sources since it focuses on early Roman engineering and how it played a crucial role in the Barbegal design in the South of France.  Cuomo, Serafina. “A Roman Engineer’s Tales.” Journal of Roman Studies 101 (January 2011): 143–65. Accessed June 11, 2021. https://eds-a-ebscohostcom.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=3c5da35f-0805-494c-a130- d5c44f35dc75%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d %3d#AN=74608734&db=ofm The topic of this study focuses on a Roman Engineer by the name of Nonius Datus and his role in designing aqueducts. The author’s thesis on the study is evident from the start to the finish of the article, as it focuses on the history of engineering and how renowned engineers played a role in technology and imperialism. The study’s methodology analysis the relationship between technical artifacts and antiquity of engineering on Roman aqueducts. The article’s main points highlight the history of engineering in Roman, the role of Nonius Datus in engineering, and the deliberation of technology and imperialism. Nonius Datus was a great engineer who pioneered the design of the aqueduct in Algeria. The authors also explain in detail the history of engineering during the second century and the innovation of aqueducts in Algeria. Based on the reading, the target audience for the study is scholars, students, researchers, or anyone interested in ancient technology artifacts, particularly in Roman history. This particular study is important and useful for my study since it aligns with my topic on Roman aqueducts. The authors of the study necessitate important information about the history of engineering and the role played by renowned engineers such as Nonius Datus. This article has also proved essential in my understanding of Roman aqueducts since it provides fine details about early engineering and how engineers pioneered the construction of great structures in history. The study varies from the other sources since it primarily focuses on one renowned Roman engineer by the name of Nonius Datus and his role in constructing aqueducts.  Lorenz, Wayne, Giacinto Libertini, Bruno Miccio, Nino Leone, and Giovanni De Feo. “Prominent Features of the Augustan Aqueduct in the Naples Bay Area.” Water Science & Technology: Water Supply 18, no. 6 (November 2018): 1968–75. Accessed June 11, 2021. https://iwaponline.com/ws/article/18/6/1968/39306/Prominent-features-of-the-Augustan-aqueduct-in-the The topic of this study focuses on the prominent features of the Augustan aqueduct and how Naples Bay benefited. The article’s thesis primarily explores some of the renowned features of the aqueducts and how they were utilized in ensuring water distribution. The authors’ methodology in the study examines crucial topographies and how they furthered benefits to the people of Naples Bay. The study shows that one of the main uses of aqueducts included the facilitation and distribution of water to the local people. The deep tunnels particularly facilitated the easy distribution of water from the watershed to various locations, resulting in the diversion of the transbasin water supply. Each of the prominent features in the aqueducts had unique uses in the provision of water to the public. Some of the prominent features that the authors mention include hydraulic chutes, baths, arcades, and storage reservoirs. One deficiency evident in this article is that the researcher focuses primarily on Roman aqueducts, yet he could have expounded the research into other crucial equipment. The article was significant as it provided a detailed analysis about Roman aqueducts, including how it was used. The study also necessitated a synopsis of how the innovation of water flow made life easier in the ancient times. The source varies from the other four sources since it primarily deals with Roman aqueducts and how its different features benefited the people of Naples Bay Area.  References  Chanson, Hubert. “Hydraulics of Roman aqueducts: steep chutes, cascades, and  dropshafts.” American Journal of Archaeology (2000): 47-72. Cuomo, Serafina. “A Roman Engineer’s Tales.” Journal of Roman Studies 101 (January 2011):  143–65. Evans, Harry B. “In Tiburtium usum: special arrangements in the Roman water system  (Frontinus, Aq. 6.5).” American journal of archaeology (1993): 447-455. Lorenz, Wayne F., and Phillip J. Wolfram. “Ancient water quality: Roman engineering of the  Barbegal Mill.” Journal (American Water Works Association) 104, no. 4 (2012): 78-84. Lorenz, Wayne, Giacinto Libertini, Bruno Miccio, Nino Leone, and Giovanni De Feo.  “Prominent Features of the Augustan Aqueduct in the Naples Bay Area.” Water Science  & Technology: Water Supply 18, no. 6 (November 2018): 1968–75.